CELL TYPE | NOMINAL VOLTAGE (V) | STORAGE DENSITY (Wh/kg) |
Lead acid | 2.1 | 30 |
Nickel cadmium (NiCd) | 1.2 | 40 to 60 |
Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) | 1.2 | 60 to 80 |
Circular lithium ion (Li+) | 3.6 | 90 to 100 |
Prismatic lithium ion | 3.6 | 100 to 110 |
Polymer lithium ion | 3.6 | 130 to 150 |
Attribute | Nickel Cadmium | Nickel Metal Hydride | Lithium Ion |
Energy density | Low | Medium | High |
Energy storage | Low | Medium | Medium |
Cycle life | High | High | High |
Cost | Low | Medium | High |
Safety | High | High | Medium |
Environment | Low | Medium | Medium |
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图1. 半恒流充电,主要应用于剃须刀,数字无绳电话和玩具 | 图2. 定时器控制充电,主要应用于笔记本,数据终端,无线设备和蜂窝电话 |
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图3. -DV终止充电方式,主要应用于笔记本,数据终端,摄录像机,无线设备和蜂窝电话 | 图4. -dT/dt终止充电方式,应用于电源设备和电动工具 |
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图5. 涓流充电,主要应用于应急灯,导引灯和存储器备份 | 图6. 恒流、恒压充电,主要用于蜂窝电话,无线设备和笔记本电脑。 |
Chemistry | Charging Method | Feature | No. of Terminals | Charge Time(hours) | Charge Current (CmA) | Trickle Current(CmA) | Charge Level at End of Charge (%) | Figure Reference |
Nickel Based (NiCl and NiMH) | Semi-constant current charging | Most typical system; simple and low cost | 2 | 15 | 0,1 | ---- | ---- | 1 |
Timer-controlled charging | More reliable than semiconstant current system; relatively simple and low cost | 2 | 6 to 8 | 0,2 | 1/20-1/30 | Approx. 120 | 2 | |
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![]() | Most popular; more complex | 2 | 1 to 2 | 0,5-1 | 1/20-1/30 | Approx. 110 to 120 | 3 | |
T/t cut-off charging | More costly, but overcharge can be avoided enabling longer life cycle that the others | 3 or 4 | 1 to 2 | >1 | 1/20-1/30 | Approx. 100 to 110 | 4 | |
Trickle-charging | Simple and low cost; applicable for continuous long charging | 2 | 15 | 0,1 | ---- | ---- | 5 | |
Lithium Based | Constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) | Not recommended for the main charge-control system for Ni-Cd /NiMH batteries. Prevailing charge method for Li+ and Li- Polymer batteries.Relatively complex charger design. | 2 | 1 to 3 | 1 | ---- | Approx 100 | 6 |
Chemistry | NiCl | NiMH | Li+ |
Charging | Constant current | Constant current | Constant current/constant voltage |
Full charge detect | -V/dt and/or T/dt | V/dt = 0 and/or T/dt | Icharge = eg 0.03C and/or time |
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图7. DS2720锂电池保护IC的典型应用电路 |
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图8. 受DS2720高端模式控制的保护FET电阻小于传统低端模式FET电阻。受DS2720控制的FET电阻实际上随电池电压下降而降低。 |
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图9. 受DS2720保护的锂离子电池波形 |
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